{"id":69372,"date":"2026-03-12T08:51:36","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T07:51:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/?p=69372"},"modified":"2026-03-12T08:51:36","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T07:51:36","slug":"marche-petrolier-mondial-2025-106-millions-de-barils-par-jour-et-un-pouvoir-concentre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/international-echo\/marche-petrolier-mondial-2025-106-millions-de-barils-par-jour-et-un-pouvoir-concentre\/","title":{"rendered":"March\u00e9 p\u00e9trolier mondial 2025 : 106 millions de barils par jour et un pouvoir concentr\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"flex flex-col text-sm pb-25\">\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-turn-id=\"request-WEB:2203b6d5-01b2-4dc6-802f-8eb7d60b99f8-1\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-4\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"13c92369-b83c-4e9f-91ad-30ec09f962e1\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word dark markdown-new-styling\">\n<p data-start=\"108\" data-end=\"162\">Le p\u00e9trole continue de structurer l\u2019\u00e9conomie mondiale.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"164\" data-end=\"295\">En <strong data-start=\"167\" data-end=\"247\">2025, la production mondiale atteint environ 106 millions de barils par jour<\/strong>, selon l\u2019<span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">U.S. Energy Information Administration<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"297\" data-end=\"370\">Mais derri\u00e8re ce volume impressionnant se cache une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique :<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"372\" data-end=\"506\"><strong data-start=\"372\" data-end=\"506\">une grande partie du p\u00e9trole mondial est contr\u00f4l\u00e9e par quelques r\u00e9gions et transite par un nombre tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9 de routes maritimes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"508\" data-end=\"607\">R\u00e9sultat : l\u2019\u00e9quilibre \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique mondial d\u00e9pend autant de la g\u00e9ologie que de la <strong data-start=\"590\" data-end=\"606\">g\u00e9opolitique<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_69376\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-69376\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-69376 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/principales-regions-petrolieres.jpg\" alt=\"principales r\u00e9gions p\u00e9troli\u00e8res\" width=\"1200\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/principales-regions-petrolieres.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/principales-regions-petrolieres-300x175.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/principales-regions-petrolieres-1024x597.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/principales-regions-petrolieres-768x448.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-69376\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"64o0k1\" data-start=\"614\" data-end=\"673\">Production mondiale de p\u00e9trole : un march\u00e9 tr\u00e8s concentr\u00e9<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"675\" data-end=\"761\">La production p\u00e9troli\u00e8re mondiale est domin\u00e9e par <strong data-start=\"725\" data-end=\"760\">trois grands blocs \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"763\" data-end=\"835\">Deux d\u2019entre eux repr\u00e9sentent d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e8s de <strong data-start=\"806\" data-end=\"834\">60 % de l\u2019offre mondiale<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"18p52cf\" data-start=\"837\" data-end=\"878\">Production mondiale par r\u00e9gion (2025)<\/h3>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"880\" data-end=\"1122\">\n<thead data-start=\"880\" data-end=\"926\">\n<tr data-start=\"880\" data-end=\"926\">\n<th class=\"\" data-start=\"880\" data-end=\"889\" data-col-size=\"sm\">R\u00e9gion<\/th>\n<th class=\"\" data-start=\"889\" data-end=\"909\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Production (Mb\/j)<\/th>\n<th class=\"\" data-start=\"909\" data-end=\"926\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Part mondiale<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"950\" data-end=\"1122\">\n<tr data-start=\"950\" data-end=\"986\">\n<td data-start=\"950\" data-end=\"969\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Am\u00e9rique du Nord<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"969\" data-end=\"976\">31,8<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"976\" data-end=\"986\">29,9 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"987\" data-end=\"1017\">\n<td data-start=\"987\" data-end=\"1002\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Moyen-Orient<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1002\" data-end=\"1009\">31,0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1009\" data-end=\"1017\">29 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1018\" data-end=\"1043\">\n<td data-start=\"1018\" data-end=\"1028\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Eurasie<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1028\" data-end=\"1034\">~15<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1034\" data-end=\"1043\">~14 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1044\" data-end=\"1067\">\n<td data-start=\"1044\" data-end=\"1054\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Afrique<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1054\" data-end=\"1059\">~8<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1067\">~7 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1068\" data-end=\"1099\">\n<td data-start=\"1068\" data-end=\"1086\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Am\u00e9rique du Sud<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1086\" data-end=\"1091\">~7<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1091\" data-end=\"1099\">~6 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1122\">\n<td data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1109\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Europe<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1109\" data-end=\"1114\">&lt;4<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1114\" data-end=\"1122\">&lt;4 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"1124\" data-end=\"1170\">Source : <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">U.S. Energy Information Administration<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"chp1kx\" data-start=\"1177\" data-end=\"1215\">Les trois grands blocs \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques<\/h2>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"108befc\" data-start=\"1217\" data-end=\"1277\">1. Am\u00e9rique du Nord : la puissance du p\u00e9trole de schiste<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1279\" data-end=\"1359\">Le bloc nord-am\u00e9ricain est aujourd\u2019hui le premier centre de production mondiale.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1361\" data-end=\"1377\">Pays dominants :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1462\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1gcjogl\" data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1420\">\n<p data-start=\"1381\" data-end=\"1420\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">\u00c9tats-Unis<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"cgv1px\" data-start=\"1421\" data-end=\"1462\">\n<p data-start=\"1423\" data-end=\"1462\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Canada<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1464\" data-end=\"1477\">Facteur cl\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1479\" data-end=\"1527\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1yowhey\" data-start=\"1479\" data-end=\"1527\">\n<p data-start=\"1481\" data-end=\"1527\">exploitation massive du <strong data-start=\"1505\" data-end=\"1527\">p\u00e9trole de schiste<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1529\" data-end=\"1548\">En deux d\u00e9cennies :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1550\" data-end=\"1663\">\n<li data-section-id=\"ca45vf\" data-start=\"1550\" data-end=\"1598\">\n<p data-start=\"1552\" data-end=\"1598\">la production am\u00e9ricaine <strong data-start=\"1577\" data-end=\"1598\">a plus que doubl\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"k8zzcf\" data-start=\"1599\" data-end=\"1663\">\n<p data-start=\"1601\" data-end=\"1663\">les \u00c9tats-Unis sont devenus <strong data-start=\"1629\" data-end=\"1662\">le premier producteur mondial<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"sdryib\" data-start=\"1670\" data-end=\"1721\">2. Moyen-Orient : le c\u0153ur historique du p\u00e9trole<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1723\" data-end=\"1784\">Le deuxi\u00e8me grand p\u00f4le \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique reste le <strong data-start=\"1767\" data-end=\"1783\">Moyen-Orient<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1786\" data-end=\"1802\">Pays dominants :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1804\" data-end=\"1971\">\n<li data-section-id=\"eyrt5h\" data-start=\"1804\" data-end=\"1845\">\n<p data-start=\"1806\" data-end=\"1845\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Arabie saoudite<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"hjs5dh\" data-start=\"1846\" data-end=\"1887\">\n<p data-start=\"1848\" data-end=\"1887\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Iran<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"pzvh1x\" data-start=\"1888\" data-end=\"1929\">\n<p data-start=\"1890\" data-end=\"1929\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Irak<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1l5awad\" data-start=\"1930\" data-end=\"1971\">\n<p data-start=\"1932\" data-end=\"1971\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">\u00c9mirats arabes unis<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1973\" data-end=\"2015\">Ce bloc conserve trois avantages majeurs :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2017\" data-end=\"2130\">\n<li data-section-id=\"2rh669\" data-start=\"2017\" data-end=\"2044\">\n<p data-start=\"2019\" data-end=\"2044\"><strong data-start=\"2019\" data-end=\"2044\">r\u00e9serves gigantesques<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"ogwh7v\" data-start=\"2045\" data-end=\"2082\">\n<p data-start=\"2047\" data-end=\"2082\"><strong data-start=\"2047\" data-end=\"2082\">co\u00fbts d\u2019extraction tr\u00e8s faibles<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"151je3e\" data-start=\"2083\" data-end=\"2130\">\n<p data-start=\"2085\" data-end=\"2130\"><strong data-start=\"2085\" data-end=\"2130\">infrastructures d\u2019exportation d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"163nanr\" data-start=\"2137\" data-end=\"2172\">3. Eurasie : la puissance russe<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2174\" data-end=\"2214\">La r\u00e9gion eurasiatique est domin\u00e9e par :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2216\" data-end=\"2255\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1j40yc5\" data-start=\"2216\" data-end=\"2255\">\n<p data-start=\"2218\" data-end=\"2255\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Russie<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2257\" data-end=\"2337\">Malgr\u00e9 les sanctions internationales, la Russie reste un acteur majeur gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2339\" data-end=\"2465\">\n<li data-section-id=\"ekhzr8\" data-start=\"2339\" data-end=\"2366\">\n<p data-start=\"2341\" data-end=\"2366\">ses gigantesques r\u00e9serves<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ah76zi\" data-start=\"2367\" data-end=\"2397\">\n<p data-start=\"2369\" data-end=\"2397\">ses exportations vers l\u2019Asie<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"140lnfm\" data-start=\"2398\" data-end=\"2465\">\n<p data-start=\"2400\" data-end=\"2465\">ses infrastructures \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques h\u00e9rit\u00e9es de l\u2019\u00e9poque sovi\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"1t1cdez\" data-start=\"2472\" data-end=\"2531\">Le d\u00e9troit d\u2019Ormuz : le point critique du p\u00e9trole mondial<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"2533\" data-end=\"2607\">Peu d\u2019endroits sur la plan\u00e8te ont autant d\u2019importance strat\u00e9gique que le :<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2609\" data-end=\"2646\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">D\u00e9troit d\u2019Ormuz<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"lvxkl8\" data-start=\"2648\" data-end=\"2686\">Flux p\u00e9troliers mondiaux via Ormuz<\/h3>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"2688\" data-end=\"2863\">\n<thead data-start=\"2688\" data-end=\"2711\">\n<tr data-start=\"2688\" data-end=\"2711\">\n<th class=\"\" data-start=\"2688\" data-end=\"2701\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Indicateur<\/th>\n<th class=\"\" data-start=\"2701\" data-end=\"2711\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Valeur<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"2728\" data-end=\"2863\">\n<tr data-start=\"2728\" data-end=\"2773\">\n<td data-start=\"2728\" data-end=\"2765\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Part du commerce p\u00e9trolier mondial<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2765\" data-end=\"2773\">20 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2774\" data-end=\"2819\">\n<td data-start=\"2774\" data-end=\"2811\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Flux vers les \u00e9conomies asiatiques<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2811\" data-end=\"2819\">90 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2820\" data-end=\"2863\">\n<td data-start=\"2820\" data-end=\"2856\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Part des exportations am\u00e9ricaines<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2856\" data-end=\"2863\">7 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"2865\" data-end=\"2921\">Une crise dans ce corridor maritime pourrait provoquer :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2923\" data-end=\"3048\">\n<li data-section-id=\"mqsga2\" data-start=\"2923\" data-end=\"2966\">\n<p data-start=\"2925\" data-end=\"2966\">une flamb\u00e9e imm\u00e9diate des prix du p\u00e9trole<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"zoi79o\" data-start=\"2967\" data-end=\"3008\">\n<p data-start=\"2969\" data-end=\"3008\">des tensions sur les march\u00e9s financiers<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"gd7hri\" data-start=\"3009\" data-end=\"3048\">\n<p data-start=\"3011\" data-end=\"3048\">un ralentissement \u00e9conomique mondial.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"14wny1d\" data-start=\"3055\" data-end=\"3107\">Les signaux strat\u00e9giques que peu de gens regardent<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"3109\" data-end=\"3183\">Certains indicateurs montrent que le march\u00e9 p\u00e9trolier \u00e9volue discr\u00e8tement.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"ajag3f\" data-start=\"3185\" data-end=\"3232\">Arabie saoudite : un changement de strat\u00e9gie<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3234\" data-end=\"3299\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Arabie saoudite<\/span><\/span> reste un g\u00e9ant p\u00e9trolier.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3301\" data-end=\"3350\">Mais plusieurs signaux indiquent une transition :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3352\" data-end=\"3488\">\n<li data-section-id=\"fbqn12\" data-start=\"3352\" data-end=\"3403\">\n<p data-start=\"3354\" data-end=\"3403\"><strong data-start=\"3354\" data-end=\"3403\">plateformes p\u00e9troli\u00e8res au plus bas en 20 ans<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1yebdc8\" data-start=\"3404\" data-end=\"3433\">\n<p data-start=\"3406\" data-end=\"3433\">diversification vers le gaz<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"ta9fwg\" data-start=\"3434\" data-end=\"3488\">\n<p data-start=\"3436\" data-end=\"3488\">objectif : <strong data-start=\"3447\" data-end=\"3488\">+60 % de production de gaz d\u2019ici 2030<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3490\" data-end=\"3555\">Le royaume pr\u00e9pare d\u00e9j\u00e0 une \u00e9conomie moins d\u00e9pendante du p\u00e9trole.<\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"db8sc9\" data-start=\"3562\" data-end=\"3605\">Iran : un potentiel encore sous-exploit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3607\" data-end=\"3668\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Iran<\/span><\/span> produit aujourd\u2019hui :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3670\" data-end=\"3707\">\n<li data-section-id=\"n7qibi\" data-start=\"3670\" data-end=\"3707\">\n<p data-start=\"3672\" data-end=\"3707\"><strong data-start=\"3672\" data-end=\"3707\">3,1 millions de barils par jour<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3709\" data-end=\"3733\">Comparaison historique :<\/p>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"3735\" data-end=\"3813\">\n<thead data-start=\"3735\" data-end=\"3757\">\n<tr data-start=\"3735\" data-end=\"3757\">\n<th class=\"\" data-start=\"3735\" data-end=\"3743\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Ann\u00e9e<\/th>\n<th class=\"\" data-start=\"3743\" data-end=\"3757\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Production<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"3774\" data-end=\"3813\">\n<tr data-start=\"3774\" data-end=\"3793\">\n<td data-start=\"3774\" data-end=\"3781\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2007<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3781\" data-end=\"3793\">4,0 Mb\/j<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3794\" data-end=\"3813\">\n<td data-start=\"3794\" data-end=\"3801\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2025<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3801\" data-end=\"3813\" data-col-size=\"sm\">3,1 Mb\/j<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"3815\" data-end=\"3883\">Les sanctions continuent de limiter la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019expansion du pays.<\/p>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"1dl2lvh\" data-start=\"3890\" data-end=\"3952\">Les r\u00e9serves strat\u00e9giques : l\u2019assurance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique mondiale<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"3954\" data-end=\"4027\">Les grandes \u00e9conomies ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 des <strong data-start=\"3989\" data-end=\"4026\">r\u00e9serves p\u00e9troli\u00e8res strat\u00e9giques<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4029\" data-end=\"4105\">Les membres de l\u2019<span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Agence internationale de l\u2019\u00e9nergie<\/span><\/span> doivent maintenir :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4107\" data-end=\"4154\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1fe8gu3\" data-start=\"4107\" data-end=\"4154\">\n<p data-start=\"4109\" data-end=\"4154\"><strong data-start=\"4109\" data-end=\"4154\">90 jours d\u2019importations nettes de p\u00e9trole<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"moskc8\" data-start=\"4156\" data-end=\"4195\">Pays disposant de r\u00e9serves majeures<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4197\" data-end=\"4372\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1ce4kxh\" data-start=\"4197\" data-end=\"4240\">\n<p data-start=\"4199\" data-end=\"4240\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Chine<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"g165th\" data-start=\"4241\" data-end=\"4284\">\n<p data-start=\"4243\" data-end=\"4284\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Japon<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1tbdkl1\" data-start=\"4285\" data-end=\"4328\">\n<p data-start=\"4287\" data-end=\"4328\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Cor\u00e9e du Sud<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1gyxoqd\" data-start=\"4329\" data-end=\"4372\">\n<p data-start=\"4331\" data-end=\"4372\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Union europ\u00e9enne<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4374\" data-end=\"4398\">Ces r\u00e9serves servent \u00e0 :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4400\" data-end=\"4506\">\n<li data-section-id=\"h0k6a9\" data-start=\"4400\" data-end=\"4424\">\n<p data-start=\"4402\" data-end=\"4424\">stabiliser les march\u00e9s<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"mdcoro\" data-start=\"4425\" data-end=\"4464\">\n<p data-start=\"4427\" data-end=\"4464\">amortir les chocs d\u2019approvisionnement<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"647qv3\" data-start=\"4465\" data-end=\"4506\">\n<p data-start=\"4467\" data-end=\"4506\">prot\u00e9ger les \u00e9conomies en cas de crise.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"psxs3m\" data-start=\"4513\" data-end=\"4554\">Pourquoi le p\u00e9trole reste indispensable<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"4556\" data-end=\"4671\">Malgr\u00e9 la mont\u00e9e des renouvelables et des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques, plusieurs secteurs restent d\u00e9pendants du p\u00e9trole :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4673\" data-end=\"4784\">\n<li data-section-id=\"136pn7v\" data-start=\"4673\" data-end=\"4683\">\n<p data-start=\"4675\" data-end=\"4683\">aviation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"bwj6fd\" data-start=\"4684\" data-end=\"4704\">\n<p data-start=\"4686\" data-end=\"4704\">transport maritime<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"j9y5ln\" data-start=\"4705\" data-end=\"4718\">\n<p data-start=\"4707\" data-end=\"4718\">p\u00e9trochimie<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"c36al5\" data-start=\"4719\" data-end=\"4743\">\n<p data-start=\"4721\" data-end=\"4743\">plastiques industriels<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1g9c5uu\" data-start=\"4744\" data-end=\"4763\">\n<p data-start=\"4746\" data-end=\"4763\">engrais agricoles<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1bkpszu\" data-start=\"4764\" data-end=\"4784\">\n<p data-start=\"4766\" data-end=\"4784\">production d\u2019acier<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4786\" data-end=\"4801\">Autrement dit :<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4803\" data-end=\"4891\"><strong data-start=\"4803\" data-end=\"4891\">la demande mondiale ne dispara\u00eet pas. Elle se d\u00e9place vers les \u00e9conomies \u00e9mergentes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"e7ksfh\" data-start=\"4898\" data-end=\"4921\">Ce qu\u2019il faut retenir<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"4923\" data-end=\"4978\">Trois r\u00e9alit\u00e9s structurent le march\u00e9 p\u00e9trolier mondial.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4980\" data-end=\"5009\"><strong data-start=\"4980\" data-end=\"5009\">1&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Concentration extr\u00eame<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5011\" data-end=\"5071\">Deux r\u00e9gions produisent <strong data-start=\"5035\" data-end=\"5070\">pr\u00e8s de 60 % du p\u00e9trole mondial<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5073\" data-end=\"5109\"><strong data-start=\"5073\" data-end=\"5109\">2&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; Routes \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques fragiles<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5111\" data-end=\"5190\">Quelques d\u00e9troits maritimes contr\u00f4lent une part \u00e9norme du commerce \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5192\" data-end=\"5222\"><strong data-start=\"5192\" data-end=\"5222\">3&#xfe0f;&#x20e3; G\u00e9opolitique dominante<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5224\" data-end=\"5263\">Quelques d\u00e9cisions politiques peuvent :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5265\" data-end=\"5360\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1j74mpb\" data-start=\"5265\" data-end=\"5299\">\n<p data-start=\"5267\" data-end=\"5299\">d\u00e9clencher une crise \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1qwa3yq\" data-start=\"5300\" data-end=\"5325\">\n<p data-start=\"5302\" data-end=\"5325\">faire exploser les prix<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ty0vfr\" data-start=\"5326\" data-end=\"5360\">\n<p data-start=\"5328\" data-end=\"5360\">ralentir la croissance mondiale.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"fsb6xx\" data-start=\"5367\" data-end=\"5379\">Le vrai pouvoir du p\u00e9trole<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"5381\" data-end=\"5439\">Le p\u00e9trole reste un pilier du syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique mondial.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5441\" data-end=\"5515\">La question n\u2019est pas seulement <strong data-start=\"5473\" data-end=\"5514\">combien de p\u00e9trole la plan\u00e8te produit<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5517\" data-end=\"5540\">La vraie question est :<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5542\" data-end=\"5624\"><strong data-start=\"5542\" data-end=\"5624\">qui contr\u00f4le la production, les routes maritimes et les r\u00e9serves strat\u00e9giques.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5626\" data-end=\"5735\">Et cette \u00e9quation g\u00e9opolitique d\u00e9terminera <strong data-start=\"5669\" data-end=\"5734\">l\u2019\u00e9quilibre \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique mondial dans les prochaines d\u00e9cennies<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"z-0 flex min-h-[46px] justify-start\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"mt-3 w-full empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"text-center\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pointer-events-none h-px w-px absolute bottom-0\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-edge=\"true\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le p\u00e9trole continue de structurer l\u2019\u00e9conomie mondiale. En 2025, la production mondiale atteint environ 106 millions de barils par jour, selon l\u2019U.S. Energy Information Administration. Mais derri\u00e8re ce volume impressionnant se cache une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique : une grande partie du p\u00e9trole mondial est contr\u00f4l\u00e9e par quelques r\u00e9gions et transite par un nombre tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9 de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":69375,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-69372","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-international-echo"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69372","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69372"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69372\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69377,"href":"https:\/\/plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69372\/revisions\/69377"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plumeseconomiques.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}